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Cacao necrosis virus
''Cacao necrosis virus'' (CNV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the genus ''nepovirus'' that infects ''Theobroma cacao'' en natura causing cacao necrosis disease.〔 CNV is considered synonymous with Strain S of cacao swollen shoot virus. Unlike cacao swollen-shoot virus, it is not transmitted by mealybugs nor vectored by aphids, beetles or leafhoppers that also commonly infest cacao.〔 It is serologically, distantly related to Tomato black ring virus and very distantly related to Hungarian Chrome Mosaic virus.
==Hosts and Symptoms==
Cacao necrosis virus is restricted to systemic infection of ''Theobroma cacao'' in nature. Symptoms on cacao include an acute stage showing translucent veinal necrosis of leaves, necrotic or chlorotic spots of leaves, defoliation, and dieback of shoots that rarely leads to seedling death if infected by the Ghanaian isolate.〔〔"Cocoa"〕〔"Pests of Cocoa"〕 A following recovery phase of live plants shows limited leaf symptoms.〔
The virus has been transmitted to numerous diagnostically susceptible host species including ''Beta vulgaris'', ''Chenopodium amaranticolor'', ''Chenopodium quinoa'', ''Cucumis sativus'', ''Glycine max'', ''Gomphrena globosa'', ''Nicotiana clevelandii'', ''Nicotiana glutinosa'', ''Nicotiana tabacum'', ''Petunia × hybrida'', ''Phaseolus vulgaris'', ''Tetragonia tetragonioides'', ''Theobroma cacao'', and ''Vigna unguiculata'', but these plants are not infected in nature. The strain used to infect these species was the Ghanian isolate. Three of these species displayed characteristic symptoms: ''P. vulgaris'' cv. The Prince, ''Beta vulgaris'' cv. Greentop, and ''Chenopodium Quinoa''. ''P. vulgaris'' develops chlorotic rings 4–5 days post inoculation on the primary leaf site, followed by veinal chlorotic mottling on systemic infection of trifoliate leaves. ''B. vulgaris'' displays red rings to the inoculated leaves 10 days post infection without systemic infection. ''C. quinoa'' displays severe tip necrosis 10–12 days post inoculation without systemic infection.
Indexing of the disease occurs when a rootstock is grafted onto a susceptible cacao cultivar and then the plant is examined for symptom development.〔"Technical"〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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